Prompt engineering: human writes prompt → agent → review → repeat (human drives every step). Loop engineering: set goal → trigger → agent acts until goal met → human reviews (agent drives the loop). Spring AI 2.0 sketches for both.
Prompt Engineering
Human writes prompt → agent responds → human reviews — human drives every step.
Loop Engineering
Human sets goal → trigger → agent acts until goal met → human reviews output.
Key Difference
Humans in the loop every step vs agents run the loop and humans supervise.
Spring Ai 2.0
ChatClient one-shot path vs while/act/verify loop with handoff.